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Open Jack

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Calculators
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Published calculators36

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Based on NREL / Sandia

Molten-salt two-tank thermal storage

Sizes a two-tank solar-salt heat store from its usable temperature swing: salt inventory, tank geometry, standing loss per day, freeze protection and the levelised cost of the heat it delivers.

Equipment sizingCosting+1Storage
Based on Stolzenburg et al., Efficient Liquefaction of Hydrogen: Results of the IDEALHY Project (2013); DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Record 19001 (2019).

Hydrogen liquefaction

Screening of specific liquefaction energy and levelized cost of liquefaction (EUR/kg) for turning gaseous H2 into LH2 at -253 C.

Energy mass balanceCostingHydrogen
Based on IEA Global Hydrogen Review 2024 — Assumptions annex

PEM 20 MW Germany 2024

PEM water electrolyser, 20 MW, grounded on EU/IEA/IRENA/DOE 2024 techno-economics for Germany.

Energy mass balanceCostingHydrogen
Based on Fraunhofer ISE 2024

Agrivoltaic PV plant with dual land use

Elevated PV over a cultivated plot: light transmission sets the capacity density, the crop class sets the yield it costs, and the calculator reports LCOE, revenue per hectare and the French decree tests side by side.

Energy mass balanceCostingSolar
Based on Argonne National Laboratory / US DOE (Papadias & Ahluwalia); FZ Julich (Caglayan et al.); EWI

Underground H2 storage (salt cavern)

Screening levelized cost of storage (LCOS) for hydrogen in solution-mined salt caverns: working capacity, annual throughput, injection energy and EUR/kg storage cost.

Equipment sizingEnergy mass balance+1Hydrogen
Preview — CO2 methanation (Sabatier, power-to-gas)
Based on Goetz et al. 2016 (Renewable Energy); Frontiers in Energy Research 2021; IRENA; IEA

CO2 methanation (Sabatier, power-to-gas)

Screening synthetic natural gas (SNG) output and levelized cost (EUR/MWh) for catalytic CO2 methanation from green hydrogen and captured CO2.

Energy mass balanceCostingHydrogen
Based on IRENA (2022) Innovation Outlook: Renewable Ammonia; C-THRU Ammonia Technical Brief (2022)

Green ammonia synthesis (Haber-Bosch)

Techno-economic screening of an electrified Haber-Bosch ammonia plant fed by green hydrogen and ASU nitrogen.

Energy mass balanceCostingHydrogen
Based on DEA 401.a 2025 / GCCSI 2025

Modular amine post-combustion CO2 capture unit

Amine capture on industrial flue gas (boiler, cement, incinerator): regeneration heat, electricity, amine make-up, scaled CAPEX and cost of CO2 captured in EUR/t, on the Danish Energy Agency 401.a datasheet, sized in t/d like the CO2 liquefaction calculator.

CostingEnergy mass balance+1Carbon capture
Preview — Biogas Feedstock Mix & BMP Potential (CH4/CO2/Digestate) (fork)

Biogas Feedstock Mix & BMP Potential (CH4/CO2/Digestate) (fork)

Estimate annual biomethane potential from a mixed feedstock inlet using TS (MS), VS (MV), BMP and biogas CH4 content; outputs biogas, CH4, CO2 and digestate quantity.

Energy mass balanceBiomass
Based on FCH 2 JU / Clean Hydrogen Partnership MAWP KPIs; US DOE stationary CHP targets; IEA Global Hydrogen Review 2024

PEM fuel cell CHP (H2 to power + heat)

Techno-economic screening of a PEM fuel cell cogeneration system: electricity, recovered heat, H2 consumption and electricity-only LCOE from a hydrogen feed.

Energy mass balanceCostingHydrogen
Based on IEA Bioenergy Task 33 — Biomass gasification for hydrogen production (Feb 2025).

Biomass gasification to hydrogen

Screening of hydrogen yield (kg/t biomass) and levelized cost (EUR/kg) from thermochemical biomass gasification + water-gas shift.

Energy mass balanceCostingHydrogen
Based on Argonne National Laboratory (Papadias, Peng, Ahluwalia 2021, OSTI 1807903) — Hydrogen carriers: toluene hydrogenation techno-economics; Wikipedia LOHC; Chiyoda SPERA.

LOHC hydrogenation (toluene to MCH)

Screening reaction energy and levelized cost (EUR/kg H2) of binding hydrogen into a toluene/methylcyclohexane liquid organic carrier for ambient-condition transport (hydrogenation leg only).

Energy mass balanceCostingHydrogen
Based on DOE Hydrogen Program Records 20007 (Delivery & Dispensing Cost, HDSAM) and 21002 (Fueling Station Cost); cross-checked vs E3S 312/07010 HRS cost model

Hydrogen refuelling station (HRS)

Screening levelized cost of dispensing (EUR/kg) at a 350/700 bar hydrogen refuelling station fed with delivered H2.

CostingEnergy mass balanceHydrogen
Based on NREL / IEA-PVPS

PV inverter conversion, clipping and levelized cost

Turns a PV inverter datasheet into AC energy delivered, conversion and clipping losses, and the levelized cost of the conversion step.

Energy mass balanceCostingSolar
Based on Fraunhofer ISE / NREL

PV module yield & levelized cost (module-level)

Turns a PV module datasheet into annual yield, degradation-adjusted lifetime energy and levelized cost.

Energy mass balanceCostingSolar
Based on Fraunhofer ISE / Eurostat

Commercial rooftop PV with on-site self-consumption

Prices a 100 kWp to 5 MWp commercial roof on the retail electricity it avoids: generation, self-consumed versus exported share, rooftop LCOE, net annual saving and simple payback.

Energy mass balanceCostingSolar
Based on DEA / IEA SHC

Solar thermal collector field for heat

Sizes a flat-plate or evacuated-tube collector field delivering 60-110 degC heat, and levelizes its cost in EUR/MWh_th. Calibrated against the measured Danish fleet.

Energy mass balanceCostingSolar
Based on IEA 2019 / IRENA 2022

Ammonia cracking to hydrogen: cracker and PSA cost of service

Fired catalytic ammonia cracker with PSA purification, 20 to 3,500 t/d of ammonia: cracking service cost in EUR/kg of hydrogen (ammonia excluded), hydrogen delivered, LHV efficiency, ammonia burned as fuel and CAPEX, on the IEA 2019 and IRENA 2022 reference cases.

CostingEnergy mass balanceHydrogen
Based on PNNL 2022 / Eos 2026

Zinc hybrid cathode long-duration battery storage, 4-12 h, levelised cost of storage

Aqueous zinc battery plant of the Eos Znyth type, 0.1 to 200 MWh and 4 to 12 h: LCOS in EUR/MWh discharged from PNNL-33283 costs and method with Eos efficiencies, battery-module replacements, energy discharged and charged, and an out-of-sourced-domain flag outside 1-10 MW and 4-10 h.

Energy mass balanceCosting+1Storage
Based on SLR / PVFarm / IRENA

Utility-scale PV repowering at mid-life

Prices the mid-life replacement of modules and inverters on an operating PV plant as an increment over letting it run.

CostingEnergy mass balanceSolar
Based on Gholami & Rostvik 2021 / PVGIS

Building-integrated PV facade

BIPV on a building envelope: cost per m2 of skin net of the cladding it replaces, production read on the real vertical plane, and the levelized cost that comes out of the two.

CostingEnergy mass balanceSolar
Based on Industrial Solar / IEA SHC

Concentrating solar process steam

Linear Fresnel solar field delivering 150-390 C industrial process steam: annual yield, steam tonnage, solar fraction and LCOH in EUR/MWh_th, with no power block.

Energy mass balanceCosting+1Solar
Based on Keiner 2026 / PNNL 2024

Sodium-ion stationary battery storage (containerised): LCOS, round-trip efficiency and degradation

Grid-connected sodium-ion battery containers from 2 to 500 MWh: LCOS in EUR/MWh delivered after the PNNL 2024 method with Keiner et al. 2026 costs, round-trip efficiency, linear capacity fade to 80 % and service life, by reference case.

Energy mass balanceCosting+2Storage
Based on PNNL 2022 / NREL

Pumped hydro energy storage (PSH) plant

Pumped storage hydropower sized by rated power, duration and net head: reservoir volume and flow from E = rho g H V eta, sourced round-trip cases, PNNL cycle-time limit, PNNL CAPEX build-up with size and head scaling, O&M and a pre-tax real LCOS in constant EUR 2021.

Energy mass balanceCosting+1Storage
Based on World Bank / NREL

Floating PV plant on water body

Floating solar on a reservoir: mooring-driven CAPEX premium, net water effect on yield, water surface occupied and LCOE against the same plant on land.

Energy mass balanceCostingSolar
Based on IRENA 2012 / IEA Task 33

Small-scale wood gasification CHP: LCOE with heat and biochar credits

Fixed-bed wood gasifier with gas engine, 80 kW to 5 MW of fuel: LCOE in EUR/MWh net of heat and biochar sales (IRENA 2012 method), net electricity, heat sold, overall efficiency, wood bought in t/yr and drying need, by SynCraft, Hargassner or measured reference case.

Energy mass balanceCostingBiomass
Based on Gøtske et al. 2023

Liquid air energy storage (LAES) plant levelized cost of storage

Liquid air energy storage plant: LCOS in EUR/MWh delivered from separate liquefier, turbine and tank costs (Gøtske et al. 2023 overnight literature cost, linear in capacity as in the source), round-trip efficiency from academic and vendor bases with optional waste heat, cycles capped by recharge time, and the gap to Carrington and Hunterston costs.

Energy mass balanceCosting+1Storage
Based on DOE/EPRI 2013

Flywheel energy storage for frequency regulation: standby losses, cycling and cost per MW of reserve

Flywheel plant for frequency regulation: cost per MW of reserve and per MWh exchanged from the DOE/EPRI 2013 handbook (Table B-27) or Beacon Hazle costs, with standby losses drawn all year, round-trip losses, and a life set by 125,000 cycles or 20 years.

Energy mass balanceCosting+1Storage
Based on IRENA 2022 / Palys 2018

Small modular green ammonia plant: flexible Haber-Bosch loop, cost excluding hydrogen

Flexible Haber-Bosch loop with N2 purification, H2 buffer and NH3 storage, 1 to 300 t/d: ammonia cost excluding hydrogen and total cost in EUR/t, annual output, electricity per tonne and H2 buffer, with the small-size scale penalty from Palys 2018 and IRENA 2022.

CostingEnergy mass balanceAmmonia
Based on NASA KSC / DOE ST235

Liquid hydrogen storage tank with boil-off management

Vacuum-insulated liquid hydrogen tank, 10 to 50,000 m3: stored mass, boil-off rate scaled on measured NASA and Linde tanks, yearly losses, vessel CAPEX from the DOE 68 m3 anchor, and storage cost per kg delivered with the boil-off vented, reused or reliquefied.

CostingEnergy mass balanceHydrogen
Based on NREL 2025 / PNNL 2022

Stationary LFP lithium-ion battery storage (containerised BESS) levelized cost of storage

Grid-connected LFP battery containers, from a single 2 MWh container to 1,000 MWh: LCOS in EUR/MWh delivered from the NREL 2025 energy/power cost split, a Lazard 2025 small-system premium and the PNNL-33283 LCOS method, energy delivered and charged, round-trip efficiency by efficiency basis.

Energy mass balanceCosting+1Storage
Based on DEA 2025 / SINTEF 2025

Industrial electric boiler (electrode or resistive) - levelised cost of steam

Electrode or resistance boiler for saturated steam or hot water: heat, steam tonnage and electricity per year, installed CAPEX with grid connection on DEA 2025 or SINTEF 2025, and the levelised cost of heat in EUR/MWh_th against a gas boiler fuel + CO2 benchmark.

Energy mass balanceCosting+1Other
Based on SINTEF / Roussanaly 2021

CO2 conditioning and liquefaction for ship transport (low or medium pressure) levelized cost

Captured CO2 compressed, dried and liquefied at 7 or 15 barg for ship transport: levelised liquefaction cost in EUR/t, specific electricity in kWh/t, yearly electricity, CAPEX scaled on the daily flow (Roussanaly et al. 2021), and buffer storage as a separate line.

Energy mass balanceCostingCarbon capture
Based on DEA 2026 / IPCC 2019

Biomass pyrolysis to biochar: cost per tonne of CO2 removed

Slow pyrolysis of wood chips, 300 to 5,000 kW of rated input, with the pyrolysis gas burnt for heat. Biochar, net CO2 removed (IPCC 2019 method) and the net cost per tonne removed after the heat credit, from DEA costs and BIOMACON datasheets.

CostingEnergy mass balance+1Biomass
Based on Gantenbein 2022 / DEA / Electrochaea

Biological methanation (archaea bioreactor, H2 + CO2 to CH4) levelized cost of synthetic methane

Ex-situ biological methanation at 63 C and 10 bar: H2 and CO2 (pure or raw biogas) to grid-grade CH4. H2 and CO2 in t/yr, own electricity per Nm3, heat at 60 C, CAPEX on the Gantenbein 0.63 law, cost in EUR/MWh HHV with and without H2.

Energy mass balanceCostingE-fuels
Based on PNNL-33283 / ARENA

Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (A-CAES): round-trip efficiency, duration and LCOS

Advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage plant: LCOS in EUR/MWh delivered from a DOE/PNNL power block and a storage block calibrated on Hydrostor Silver City, scaled at 8 % per tenfold size (PNNL-33283), with literature round-trip efficiency, cycles capped by recharge time, and flags where the cost law is extrapolated.

Energy mass balanceCosting+1Storage